Origem psíquica do conflito armado sob o olhar da psicologia complexa

Abstract

The present work carries out a pragmatic (theoretical and practical) reflection on the social phenomenon that directs peoples to the inevitable armed conflict. It is a qualitative research from the symbolic-archetypal perspective, as a new possibility to observe and reflect the world, which incorporates the ontological, epistemological and methodological elements of the paradigm of Jungian Psychology. The work shows that armed conflict, as an exclusively human phenomenon originates in the psyche, whose "entity" differentiates man from other animals. From the propositions of complex psychology by Carl Gustav Jung, the dissertation examines characteristics that show psychic differences between humans and other animals, identifying differentiated traits that enable men to practice armed conflict. Humans and animals share instincts of aggressiveness and cooperation, but only humans have developed the ability to produce tools and characteristics that have led to the development of armed conflict and the formation of civilizations. The dissertation uses illustrations from the history of the human species, from hominoid ancestors to the present day, to highlight the relationship between psychic traits and historical facts about humanity that point to the causes and purposes of armed conflict. Thus the dissertation verifies that the armed conflict occupies a position of evolutionary pressure, to impel to the artificial selection and the cultural selection providing the cultural construction of the human species. In this way, the human species undergoes evolutionary pressures differently from those of animals, which are only under the exclusive influence of natural selection. Throughout history humankind has developed its spirit in the interaction between the pressures of the natural environment and the Malthusian trap (population increase versus availability of supplies), which worked as a trigger to lead people to armed conflict, according to the aforementioned technological selection (artificial and cultural). Today, despite the scientific-technological advances and the abundance of resources, propitiated by the industrial revolution, the ontological and phylogenetic factor continues to surreptitiously direct the conduct of peoples to fight and provoke wars. Thus, the property of the religious function of the psyche appears that directs individuals and communities to their beliefs, both of which are undermined by the collective possession that can lead to conflict and the armed conflict