A Inserção Ecológica em pesquisa com adolescentes do sexo feminino em acolhimento institucional: Analisando o processo de desligamento institucional por maioridade

Abstract

The institutional reception in Brazil is a measure of last resort and provisional, in spite of this, there is still a significant number of children and adolescents away from family and community life. When it comes, more specifically to adolescents, we are commence to the problem of institutional disconnection by adulthood, thinking about the process of institutionalization that these adolescents are submitted for a longer time than expected, the present study had as general objective to analyze the process of institutional disconnection by adulthood of female adolescents in an institutional welcoming situation in a host house in the city of Nova Iguaçu/RJ. An action research was carried out through the methodology of Ecological Insertion, analyzing the results obtained by the Person-Process-Context-Time model based on the Bronfenbrenner Bioecological Theory of Development. For this purpose, we used a combination of different methods and instruments such as: Conversation Wheel, Field Diary and Semi-structured Interviews, 4 professionals from the technical team of the institution, 3 psychologists from the Laboratory of Studies on Violence against Children and Adolescents, 10 adolescents welcomed and 1 adolescent disconnected of the institution, participated in this study. The results obtained in this research reveal a large technical-methodological gap in the reality of the institutions, as well as difficulties to establish a process of deinstitutionalization in a successful way, with less costs and losses for the adolescent, and obstacles in the legal processes and public policies that could help in this process. It is urgent to invest in actions and interventions that help both the technical team of the institutions and the adolescents in this process of deinstitutionalization. It is expected that this study will serve as a support for future research aimed at thinking about programs and intervention actions with this population.