Análise do PAC-Favelas em Manguinhos: das remoções à arbanização

Abstract

The slums of Rio de Janeiro were and are in constant agendas regarding to the city urban planning. Removals policies are part of the history of the urban center almost in its entirety, since those policies took place through Rio de Janeiro’s different periods and processes of urbanization and modernization. Thereby, some urban planning projects were tested to be implemented in the most precarious areas of the city in order to make these places more accessible in terms of both housing and accessibility on basic sanitation infrastructure equipment, since people living in slums are historically the portion of the population that features a social vulnerability condition and demand public policies that mitigate such social disparities. It has been understood that one of the basic requirements for living in decent conditions would be to have access to basic equipment for housing, sanitation, employment, education and health, however in those places such resources have often been missing. Nowadays, the Manguinhos complex located in the northern part of Rio de Janeiro is to be examined and the main objective of the research is to analyze the zone’s urban transformations due to the implementation of PAC in 2007. It should be noted that the above mentioned federal government project was the most bold project and that affected thoroughly Manguinhos’ internal organization. Regarding that, the intent proposed is to comprehend in what manners those efforts have impacted Manguinhos slum complex’s internal dynamic. For instance some on-site questions asked to the residentes were, if new removals took place, “which were the perceptions about the projects carried out” and “if the projects thought to Manguinhos have changed their lives in any way”. As we are carrying out an investigation in its geographic essence, the use of concepts that help in the discussion on urbanization is mandatory for an enhanced theoretical basis. Therefore, in order to employ an application that assists on the construction of that analysis, we opted for the application of a semi-structured questionnaire and interviews with residents to obtain answers to the hypotheses raised at the beginning of the research (Triviños, 1987). In addition to the bibliographies over the subject used to compose the work, we chose to develop thematic maps upon support from the Geographic Information System (GIS) and governamental cartographic basis to spatialize and elaborate through maps the considered zone’s evolution. At the end of the research, we can see through the fieldwork and interviews that the PAC was the most significant public policy in Manguinhos and the works carried out were able to change the analyzed territory.Hence, it is understood that such research is relevant and contributes to the discussion on urban processes and public policies on slum areas.