Potencial dendrocronológico de árvores da família Fabaceae na floresta tropical amazônica do Peru

Abstract

The objective of this work was to determine the dendrochronological potential of five forest species of the Fabaceae family from Amazonia Peru. Five native tree species (Apuleia leiocarpa, Hymenaea oblonglifolia, Myroxylon balsamum, Amburana cearensis and Dipteryx odorata), which occur naturally in the Madre de Dios region of Peru, were used. The anatomical characteristics of the wood, growth ring characterization, dendrochronology, growth modeling and X-ray microdensitometry were determined. In the study of the anatomy and characterization of growth rings, the species H. oblonglifolia and A. cearensis presented rings of Growth to the naked eye, demarcated by the fibrous zones and the marginal parenchyma. In the study of dendrochronology the master chronological series of the H. oblonglifolia species of 1778-2013 years and A. cearensis of 1866-2013 years were constructed, and the relation with the climate of the region (precipitation and temperature), it was verified that the variable Climatic conditions in the area of study determining for the greatest growth in diameter of the trunks of the trees was the last rainfall the species presented answers common to the El Niño phenomenon. In the growth modeling study, the species A. cearensis was determined the minimum age according to the Law of Peru of 96 years and a technical age of 58 years and for H. oblonglifolia, it was determined the minimum age according to Law Of Peru of 123 years and a technical age of 57 years. Finally, in the study of the radial physical and anatomical variability of the tree wood of Amburana cearensis, X-ray microdensitometry provided an accurate measurement of the variations in the apparent density of A. cearensis wood, indicative of its anatomical structure and demarcating the limits of the rings Fibrous areas.