Obtenção dos compostos bioativos do extrato de manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L) através da extração com fluido supercrítico

Abstract

The essential oil of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is valued on the international market and widely used in condiments, cosmetic and medical industries. Among all the processes that can be applied in obtaining oil by using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE ) is a selective method , efficient and considered " clean" . The optimization of the operating conditions such as temperature and pressure, this technology is a good alternative to extraction. This study aimed to obtain the essential oil of basil (Ocimum basilicum L) for this uilizou up carbon dioxide as a solvent in SFE and hexane in soxhlet extraction. Held a central composite rotational design, applying three pressures ( 100, 200 and 300 bar ) and three temperatures ( 30 , 40 and 50 º C ) . It was felt that this work , regions better conditions for optimizing the performance for the essential oil of basil are in the temperature range 45-50 ° C and pressures 271-300 bar. With the hydrodistillation was obtained ( 0.26 %), the lowest yield Soxhlet 2.39% being superior compared to using SFE, which was 0.43%. The results obtained in the DPPH and FRAP analysis showed that all process conditions employed for the extraction of essential oil of basil, using SC- CO2 have antioxidant activity, the average for the analysis of DPPH was 83, 43 %. The major compounds identified in the obtained basil oil via the three methods were used: methyleugenol, eugenol, cis–Farnesene, (- )-4 -terpineol, Humulene, Germacrene D, and Bicyclo [ 4.4.0 ] dec- 1en. 2-isopropyl -5- methyl-9- methylene. Considering the design and use of the conditions employed, were obtained as best condition for acquiring methyleugenol, 40 ° C and 200 bar. This being the most prominent compound in all conditions employed, and eugenol, 47 ° C and 129 bar.