Caracterização estrutural da matéria orgânica do solo, glomalina e substâncias húmicas de diferentes ambientes e origens

Abstract

Glomalin is regarded as a hydrophobic, heat-stable and recalcitrant glycoprotein produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Such characteristics possibly result in high amounts of this protein in the soils, as well as a reduced rate of decomposition, and it is considered an important fraction of soil organic matter. Humic Substances (HS) have been recognized for a long time as the organic component most widely distributed on the planet, present both in terrestrial and aquatic environments. They are formed from chemical and biological degradation of residues from plants, animal and microbial activity. Although with some progress on structural aspects of glomalin and humic substances, there are few studies that describe their structural differences using a spectroscopic and chemometric approach. To search for answers for these questions, having as a reference the existing environmental and ecological relationships, this study aimed to confirm the structural relationship (differences and similarities) between the glomalin and humic substances obtained from different sources, through the isolation and purification of soil protein fractions related to glomalin (Glo), and the humic substances (HSs) fractions from different environments and composted materials; characterizing glomalin and humic substances obtained by chemical, physical and spectroscopic techniques (elemental composition, UV-vis, FTIR, 13 C CP-MAS RMN, EMS), and by using chemometric techniques (Unscrambler® X 10.3).